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KPK :: 6PR :: P3 (MAT) :: Nanotechnologie i nauka o materiałach
PROGRAM PRACY
3.4.1.1 Long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding phenomena, mastering processes and developing research tools Interdisciplinary research, to expand the generic underlying knowledge base of application-oriented nanosciences and nanotechnologies, and to develop leading edge research tools and techniques, is vital for the future of industry. Selected topics for 2005: Probably the most significant advances in science and nanotechnological applications are expected to be realised by crossing the boundaries ("converging") between previously separated scientific and engineering disciplines, including also the social, cognitive and neuro-sciences. This approach has the potential to offer new solutions to improve the quality of life e.g. by helping to alleviate the effect of disabilities or creating new types of nanotransducers. The expected STREPs will consist of research at the frontiers of knowledge addressing nanoscience approaches together with biotechnologies and information technologies jointly with social, cognitive and/or neurosciences. Additional expertise from other disciplines can be integrated if appropriate. Topics related to security are excluded here. The Commission communication COM338(2004)10 highlights the need for activities in metrology. It is becoming urgent that the standardisation needs for Europe are reviewed in consultation with key stakeholders so as to facilitate industrial take up and development by providing harmonised quality standards and measurement techniques. This will also contribute towards making products safe and thus to gain users’ ad consumers’ confidence. The expected SSAs should have the objective of identifying measurement tools and standards, as well as priorities for pre-normative research and elaborating a standards foresight and roadmap for nanotechnology. The expected SSAs should last a maximum of 18 months. Participation of research teams from all over the world is encouraged, according to rules, as well as the participation of industry and standardisation bodies. 3.4.1.2 Nano-biotechnologies Europe needs and can strongly benefit by supporting research into the integration of biological and non-biological systems, opening new horizons in many applications, such as for processing and medical and environmental analysis systems. Selected topics for 2005: Nanotechnology-based phenomena such as the functioning of an insect body, adhesion on smooth surfaces, biomineralisation, functioning of natural nanotubes or photosynthesis are complex natural processes that could provide an ideal basis for nano-, micro- or macro-technological possibilities in many industrial application areas, energy production and/or novel and high added value products/services. The expected STREPs should consist of nanotechnology research of great novelty, at the frontiers of knowledge; however, they should not consist of mere materials sciences research (e.g. development of biomimetic materials), even if very challenging, but the expected STREPs should address the natural processes under a nanotechnology approach with the final aim of opening new ways for future industrial processes. 3.4.1.3 Nano-metre-scale engineering techniques to create materials and components There is an increasing need to develop novel functional and structural materials of superior performance for industry by controlling their nanostructure. This will include technologies for their production, characterisation and processing. Selected topics for 2005: The expected STREPs should be at the frontiers of knowledge, and should present an important industrial potential. They should be aimed at developing new 3D NS or analogous or derived three-dimensional regular nanostructures (such as nano-fibres) composed of elements other than carbon or in combination with it. If combined with carbon, the other elements should be covalently bound to it and not e.g. just "trapped" in a carbon nano-structure. In the expected STREPs, research into novel functions and the characterisation of their performances, such as new mechanical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic or other properties can be included. Whenever appropriated, dedicated modelling and metrology issues could also be addressed. 3.4.1.4 Development of handling and control devices and instruments It is important for Europe to develop efficient instrumentation for measurement, analysis and manufacture at the nano-scale. A guiding target for handling and controlling nanostructures should be a feature size or resolution of the order of 10 nm. Selected topic for 2005: None. 3.4.1.5 Applications in areas such as health and medical systems, chemistry, optics, food and the environment Nanosciences and nanotechnologies are fast developing domains with great potential, both in terms of improving the quality of life of all people and of creating wealth through novel knowledge-based and sustainable processes. The goal is to foster the potential nanotechnologies in breakthrough applications through the integration of research developments in materials and technological devices in an industrial context. The development of new, higher performance services, products, components, appliances, devices, systems and processes still requires long term research efforts. The availability of up-to-date information and the development of realistic scenarios are key elements for elaborating possible forms and scope for the intervention of public funds. Selected topic for 2005: Therapeutically useful compounds for drug delivery are often difficult to administer to the targeted body part due to their composition, structure or size. Therefore, suitable delivery vehicles must be sought to carry and release drugs precisely where they are targeted. The absorption of drugs can be significantly enhanced through nanotechnology-based systems e.g. nanoparticles which can be used in combination with chemical compounds to deliver drugs exactly into the targeted cells. In this context, the integration of nanotechnological developments should lead to novel and safe breakthrough solutions for therapeutic drug administration using improved knowledge of nano-scale structures such as e.g. nano-scaled carriers, nano-layers, liposomes, fullerenes, nanotubes and dendrimers. The final objective is the development of innovative targeted drug delivery systems for the health care of the future. The expected IPs should have a substantial industrial participation. In particular education and training, societal, health, ethical and regulatory issues, validation, metrology and toxicological issues should also be included where these are relevant. Society and industry need a great deal more knowledge on the understanding of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles (NP) with the environment and the living world. Engineered NP produced on a laboratory or an industrial scale have various characteristics which depend upon chemical composition, chemical and physical surface treatment, size and shape etc. and thus interact in different ways with the environment and the living world. The expected STREPs should address interdisciplinary toxicological and eco-toxicological research on as many aspects as possible of the interaction of NP with the environment and the living world, i.e. exposure, including intake, uptake, time scale; dose and response, including cellular and molecular mechanisms, bio-persistence, biokinetics, etc. Emphasis is to be put on a systemic view of exposure, dose and response to better understand the underlying molecular and bio-molecular phenomena. Asbestos and other extensively studied particles are excluded. Animal testing should be avoided ; alternative ways are encouraged. Participation of research teams from all over the world is encouraged, according to rules, as well as the participation of industry.  3.4.2 Knowledge-based Multifunctional Materials New, high knowledge-content materials, providing new functionalities and improved performance will be critical drivers of innovation in technologies, devices and systems, benefiting sustainable development and competitiveness. Since their applications have a strong impact on individuals and on society as a whole, a new research culture will be required. RTD activities are expected to be high risk, inter- and multi-disciplinary, long term and generic, with potential benefits in material, maintenance and energy savings as well as on health, safety and the environment. Breakthroughs will come not only from the new materials developed but also from new processing, overall product design and from the new approaches taken for example using renewable materials or interface design. A further need is to break away from the classical boundaries between types of materials that have characterised European research for the last few decades. To assure Europe's strong position in emerging technology markets the various actors need to be mobilised through leading edge multidisciplinary RTD partnerships and high-risk research. 3.4.2.1 Development of fundamental knowledge Interfacial phenomena are essential to understand the properties of multifunctional materials. They are also highly relevant during their processing and in their evolution under service conditions, and can be determinant for their final industrial applications. The structure of interfaces, their reactivity, diffusion phenomena, and the stability of interfaces in dissimilar materials, such as hybrid and composite materials, need to be better understood. The activities should address a drastic extension of knowledge on the interfaces in multifunctional materials, and in particular in nanostructured materials. The expected STREPs should exclusively address the multidisciplinary study of interfacial phenomena that can lead to new and better multifunctional materials. Experimental, modelling and theoretical approaches should be combined synergistically. Purely surface-related phenomena are excluded. The development of new materials of superior performance requires new instruments in order to characterize the structure and properties (chemical, physical, etc.). Fast and easy-to-use characterisation tools to control the processing parameters are also crucial for the competitiveness of European industry. The expected STREPs should aim at radically new approaches in the development of in-situ and exsitu characterisation tools, and in particular for measurements under extreme conditions. Nano-tools are excluded. Computational modelling has become a major tool to understand materials properties, as well as in their design and industrial use, due to the ever increasing computing capabilities. Numerous methods are now available, ranging from ab-initio calculations and molecular dynamics to the macroscopic finite-element techniques, and the all-encompassing multi-scale approaches. The expected CAs should focus on the coordination at European level of multi-scale computational modelling activities linked with standardization, dissemination, validation and use of computer models, codes and techniques in the domain of multifunctional materials, and contribute to strengthen links between different research initiatives, such as EUREKA, COST, national, regional and Commission projects. 3.4.2.2 Technologies associated with the production, transformation and processing of knowledgebased multifunctional materials There is a pressing industrial need for major improvements in the sustainable processing of multifunctional materials which can contribute to clear benefits in the fabrication of industrial products. The expected CAs should focus on the coordination at the European level of efforts to help in the harmonisation and widespread dissemination of the most advanced processing methods (e.g. laser technology, plasma processing, super-critical fluid treatment) and contribute to strengthen links between different research initiatives, such as EUREKA, COST, national, regional and Commission projects. The objective is to develop new porous materials that can be tailored at the nanoscale and new processing methods to control porosity. Porous materials, including polymer membrane materials, are highly relevant for important industrial sectors, such as catalysis, electrochemistry, gas separation or waste treatment. Cellular solids such as metallic foams are used, for instance, for filters and catalysts as well as for thermal management and structural applications. The expected IPs should be led by industry. The focus is on extending the performance of porous materials (microporous, chemical structure with exceptionally high surface area, aerogels, etc), with intrinsic or extrinsic porosity, with applications for membranes, filters and catalysis. Thin films have become a major research area, with applications in sectors such as electronics, optical and magnetic devices, protection coatings, electrochemistry or catalysis. Functionally-graded or multi-component, nanostructured films allow further flexibility in the tailoring of properties. The expected STREPs should focus on new multifunctional ceramic thin films (nitrides, carbides, oxides, etc) which provide components with radically new electronic, optical or magnetic properties for novel industrial applications. 3.4.2.3 Engineering support for materials development The flexibility in the design and processing of organic solids (usually polymers) allows them to meet the requirements of many technologically significant applications. Multifunctional organic materials are used in displays, electronic circuits, solar cells, chemical sensors and actuators, lasers, storage media and electronic paper, as well as for insulation and packaging in electronics. The expected STREPs should aim at highly innovative long-term research for the development of new multifunctional organic materials for electronics, including modelling and experimentation, and considering as well their processing and potential applications. The objective is to increase the capability of industry to have materials with characteristics needed for the intended applications. Molecular and nano-electronics are excluded. Understanding ionic transport in solids, and in particular in nanostructured materials, is the key to many technological applications in wide temperature ranges, for instance in solid state batteries, supercapacitors, conducting membranes, electrochemical gas sensors and electroceramic devices. The expected STREPs should focus on highly innovative multidisciplinary research to develop electrodes and electrolytes providing improved ion and/or electron transport and reactivity, in particular for microbatteries in mobile micro-systems. Developments in the field of fuel cells are excluded here. 3.4.3 New Production Processes and Devices The overall aim is to support the transformation of European industry towards a knowledge-based and added value industry for improved competitiveness and sustainability. This requires the development of new production concepts that radically change the way manufacturers design, build and support products, processes and services. Breakthrough production concepts "beyond conventional approaches" are needed to better position the industries to exploit the emerging technologies. Research must provide industry and industrial systems of the future with the necessary tools for efficient life-cycle design, production, use and recovery, decreasing at the same time internal and external costs and reducing major accident hazards. Appropriate organisational models and improved knowledge management should support technological developments and innovation routes in a holistic perspective. Flagship research projects need to be carried out, the major outcome of which would be a framework and infrastructure conditions for a world class European manufacturing industry "Manufuture" based on substantial involvement of industries. 3.4.3.1 Development of new processes and flexible, intelligent manufacturing systems Emerging from ongoing research are new generations of micro systems, embedded systems and miniaturised product technologies, including advances from the new nano-science and technology projects that hold the promise of promoting intelligence and flexibility to industrial systems. The next step is now the development of new industrial production technologies which must overcome the present barriers for the industrial production of such new, highly complex and integrated micro systems and miniaturised products. Also, flexibility in the manufacturing systems of discrete goods is another challenge due to decreasing life cycle time of products as well as an increasing number of variants. Current trends necessitate the development of assembly technologies and processes reaching a new high level of flexibility, while at the same time taking into account reusability needsas well as new assembly component supply mechanisms. It is encouraged that the educational needs relevant to new production technologies be also considered along the lines of the "Manufuture" concept. Straightforward approaches should be inspired to develop educational tools and test-environments in order to learn about and evaluate the new production technologies and organisational forms. Selected topic for 2005: The aim is to provide industry with radically new production technologies and systems that meet the requirements for up-scaling from prototype or laboratory to full industrial scale production of the new generations of micro systems, embedded systems and miniaturised products. This should bring high added-value and strategic products to the market with minimum time loss in setting up production lines The research work should provide production functionalities and capabilities overcoming present technology barriers to the cost-effective manufacturing of new and emerging products, enabling industrial-scale manufacturing of the highly complex components and systems that are emerging from ongoing research on micro-products. Clear scalability benefits should be demonstrated in terms of technical performance, flexibility and cost and with due considerations for sustainability and the environment. The expected IPs will be characterised by strong industrial leadership. They should consider all aspects, including ultra-precision engineering techniques, from the concept and design phase to industrial production and assembly processes, measurement and control functions, ensuring certain quality and reliability of the processes and the production system. They should clearly support the latest scientific developments towards new products, which integrate a wide spectrum of disciplines and functions, such as mechanical, electrical, electronic, biological, microfluidic, power, radio frequency communication and IT. Fast reconfigurable manufacturing operations that rely on a flexible manufacturing solution are considered to be the response needed by industry to meet continuously fluctuating demands for the supply of new products. The aim is to develop production concepts that produce on-demand products of high complexity with highly reduced costs of production fulfilling the requirements of increasing product-service life cycles and increasing product variants which correspond to ever smaller lot sizes and accelerated time-to-market. An additional goal is to achieve high levels of reusability of assembly equipment and new forms of assembly component supply to minimise assembly costs. The seamless integration of assembly operations in the product life cycle (design for assembly, simulation, rapid manufacturing, re-use of disassembly components and associated services) is the key to successful implementation strategies for such concepts. The expected IPs with strong industrial leadership should address new concepts in assembly characterised by the integration of mixed, automated and manual, workplaces so as to compensate for uncertain production volumes; "plug & produce" system functionality with in-line reconfiguration capability; in-line control solutions, mechatronic building blocks for low cost manufacturing systems, spontaneous networking concepts on shop-floor leveland strategies for improved reusability of equipment, e.g. through increased sensor- and system integration and simplified user-interfaces/ programming tools. Electronic circuit assembly is not included in this topic. In order to serve regional markets efficiently and to achieve cost-optimal production and logistic processes in the future, European companies have to integrate themselves in global supply and distribution networks. The efficiency and operative excellence of the logistic processes in this network is of predominant importance in order to source and deliver fast and in time under strong cost considerations. The expected STREPs should focus in an integrated way on three primary issues: design, planning and operation of logistic networks. The structural design for such logistic networks and the optimised placement of a company within that network is inducing a substantial amount of the costs for the later operation of the network. New ways and methods for the design and evaluation of such networks integrating the levels of the overall network structure, the related operational processes and the facilities realising the processes should be highlighted. It is encouraged that aspects of mobile logistic platforms be considered as part of the entire logistic design which increases the value adding capability of the supply chain. For the planning of the operational processes new concepts for the generation of a segment-related network transparency using identification and communication technology enabling collaborative planning and control approaches are to be developed, making it possible for the different partners in the network to generate harmonised plans and react quickly to demand changes and network events. Resources carrying out the operational processes in the network are to be redesigned, exploring new ways of adaptability and autonomy in their operations in order to cope with the fast changing requirements in the network. Collaboration between work groups distributed all over the world covering design, planning, production tasks would be enhanced The objective of the SSAs is to provide support for the development of Manufuture concepts and additional follow-up actions for the time period 2006-2008. The expected SSAs should provide support for policy makers, industries, researchers and other stakeholders to develop new approaches for assisting European industry’s transition towards a knowledge-based, competitive and sustainable base. The activities should be focused on the development of specific roadmaps and foresight studies in emerging enabling manufacturing technologies in the Manufuture context as well as the dissemination of these results. The objective of the CAs is to pull together and validate the results of activities supported through national, EUREKA and Community funding, in the manufacturing domain. The results could be presented for example in the format of a knowledge base in future manufacturing technologies that can be accessed by European Industry. The approach should also include measures to assist companies in taking up new technologies and adopting new organisational or business models as appropriate. The activity could concentrate on some or all of the areas mentioned under "Embracing systemic and disruptive approaches in the Milan Manufuture document, it could address the importance of ICT as an enabling technology; new materials and new design paradigms; miniaturisation and precision engineering; integrative approaches, e.g. mechatronics, process control, extended products and new technologies for tomorrow’s products. 3.4.3.2 Systems research and hazard control It is important for Europe to contribute to improved sustainability of industrial manufacturing and processing systems and to substantial and measurable reduction in environmental and health impacts. 11 In December 2003, the Conference ‘Manufuture’ - European Manufacturing for the future - was organised under the auspices of the European Council Presidency (see: www.manufuture.org) to raise the profile of manufacturing and to discuss future directions. As a follow-up, the Commission has established a High Level Group of experts to further elaborate the ‘Manufuture’ vision and to progress towards a concrete strategic long term research agenda for the manufacturing sector. As far as safety is concerned, research will be carried-out for industrial risks linked with modern, knowledge-based manufacturing paradigms and their social consequences. Research effort should help explore new concepts, expected to support the technological and reference basis for the EU Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP)12. Selected topic for 2005: None 3.4.3.3 Optimising the life-cycle of industrial systems, products and services As products and production systems are increasingly life-cycle, quality and service oriented, the requirements of intelligence, energy-saving, cost-effectiveness, safety and cleanliness, present key challenges for new industrial and consumption approaches based on eco-efficiency. This objective must allow the development of new concepts for production, products, processes and organisational innovation. Selected topic for 2005: None 3.4.4 Integration of nanotechnologies, new materials, and new production technologies for more cost and eco-effective sectoral applications Following the experience of the first two years of the NMP priority, and in line with the ‘Lisbon’ targets, Area 4, integrating nanotechnologies, materials science and advanced technologies has become more relevant, both in terms of improving the quality of life of all people and of creating wealth through novel knowledge-based and sustainable products and processes. The goal is to foster breakthrough applications through the integration of multi-disciplinary research developments in an industrial context. Research effort should help explore new concepts, expected to support the technological and reference basis for the EU Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP)3. Selected Topics for 2005: 3.4.4.1 Multifunctional material-based factory of the future - IP The aim is to integrate science-based transformation processes, building on already achieved multifunctional and other material advances including nano-materials into factory configurations that would be capable of manufacturing products and their associated services on demand. The concepts would have to propose validated cost-effective solutions, up to proof-of-concept level. The concepts should include production of net or near net-shape products produced directly from specifications. The underlying processes will deliver 3-D distribution of properties, irrespective of whether they are homogeneous or varying driven by product specifications. All transformation processes will add value eliminating corrective actions and having no secondary effects. All manufacturing processes and equipment should use real-time, intelligent control based on direct measurement of key transformation parameters. All processes should be highly efficient regarding energy, minimise the impact on the environment and the products would have traceable in-built capability for continuous life-cycle monitoring and assessment including reclamation of components. The expected IPs with strong industrial leadership, should, for either discrete or continuous production, validate that the system proposed can deliver an integrated product realisation factory set-up in which products flow from concept to delivered part, with the best processes in every step with no false starts and no prototypes. 3.4.4.2 New construction products and processes for high added value applications - IP 12 See: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/etap/index.htm The construction sector has a key role in achieving European economic, social and environmental objectives by improving the efficiency and sustainability of the processes involved in the creation, operation and maintenance of the built environment. Targets are that life cycle costs should be reduced by at least 30% and delivery time should be reduced by 50%. Quantitative targets should also be considered for reduction of energy consumption and for waste minimisation. The use of innovative technologies such as virtual design, construction and maintenance methods, embedded systems, product and process simulation technologies, knowledge engineering tools should be enhanced to create customer-driven development processes. The final outcome should be a new approach to promote the industrialisation of human friendly, efficient, sustainable, inherently safe and secure construction added value processes and the underlining business model. The expected IPs should be under strong industrial leadership and should aim at creating high value added in the whole construction process, from design, construction and operation to maintenance, including components manufacturing, refurbishment and decommissioning. The approach would use life cycle management strategies, sustainable construction processes, new high performance materials, deployment of nano-materials, new processes and systems and information technology. The integration effort should demonstrate against performance criteria the progress towards innovative high-performance construction components and products including the underlying processes and practices. 3.4.4.3 Mastering "Industrial Biotechnology"- Environmental Technology for sustainable production of added value products - IP As referred to in the Environmental Technology Action Plan (ETAP), "industrial biotechnology" can play an important role in the development and validation of sustainable production systems that integrate activities such as research at molecular level (site directed application of biocatalysts), renewable raw materials as feedstock and their transformation /conversion processes. Future production routes must substitute non sustainable conventional processes by bioprocesses under inherently safe and controlled conditions, for the conversion of renewable raw materials into non food added value bio-based products. The focus would be on surfactants and speciality polymers. The expected IPs, having a strong industrial leadership, should encompass innovation related activities, like identification of environmental benefits and life cycle costing of bio-based products and processes. The integration efforts ranging from the nano-scale level up to industrial engineering. Particular attention should be given to the improvement of enzyme activity and substrate specificity for both tuning the reaction and reducing the number of processing stages. 3.4.4.4 Multi-functional technical textiles for construction, medical applications and protective clothing - IP dedicated to SMEs 13 Multi-functional technical textiles represent a growth area for the textile industry offering an enormous scope for innovation and a wide range of potential applications and products, such as tensile structures, protective clothing against thermal and other risks, use in industry and biomedical clothing for tele-monitoring of health parameters. The expected IPs should be industry led, while relying on scientific and technological cooperation with universities and research centers, as appropriate. Nanotechnology based solutions for breakthrough applications are particularly encouraged. Multidisciplinary research should focus on developing new functionalisation techniques (e.g. for anti-bacterial, photochromic, anti fire, slow release, etc); intelligent encapsulation techniques, thin layer coatings with organic, inorganic hybrid materials and new techniques for integration of smart sensors and actuators. Wherever necessary, toxicity, societal and ethical aspects should be taken into consideration as well as specific metrology issues. 3.4.4.5 Simultaneous engineering and production of integrated high-tech components for European transport - IP dedicated to SMEs 13 See sections 3.5 and 3.6 The objective is to develop innovative concepts for the production of high technology transport components, exploiting the emerging capabilities in the area of nano and micro technologies as well as through multifunctional materials, targeting the lower end of the value chain. To process these innovative components, an integrated engineering and production strategy is needed, which allows for late configuration, high flexibility through standardised technology interfaces and reliable and cost effective manufacturing. The research will develop and produce components and systems to form larger modules and entities primarily for vehicle such as chassis and vehicle bodies. Proof-of-concept deliverables will have to meet the challenge of high quality, high volume and cost effective production that links integrated engineering and manufacturing processes to the next generation vehicles. These would be based on the synchronized application of manufacturing and product technologies organized within highly reactive and harmonized production and engineering processes throughout the supply chain that allows the introduction of a highly innovative built-to-order system. The expected IP-SMEs will be centred around this strategy and focus on the needs of and benefits to SMEs operating in the value chain. 3.4.4.6 Biomaterials technologies for implants - IP dedicated to SMEs The focus is on the introduction of new materials and/or technologies at all phases of well established knowledge-intensive SMEs which manufacture implants and their added-value chain. The expected IP-SMEs are specifically aimed at major innovations in the orthopaedic, dental and cardiovascular implant industry. Examples of areas where breakthroughs are needed include: fixation devices such as bone plates and screws (specifically the development of new bioresorbable devices with enhanced mechanical properties and/or an anisotropic behaviour), synthetic graft materials, fillers for bone, cartilage and dental restoration, bone cements, coatings for optimizing implant performance, functionality and biocompatibility. Implants containing cells will only be considered as relevant if it is clear that the cell-free alternative is unlikely to provide a breakthrough. 3.4.4.7 Nanotechnological approaches for improved security systems - IP dedicated to SMEs 3 Security is a topic of rapidly increasing importance. Highly innovative solutions are to be developed e.g. for early warning systems for harmful substances in the environment, for example, . in the water and food supply chains, effective detoxification systems, detectors for explosives, advanced person or goods identification systems, etc. The expected IPs dedicated to knowledge-intensive SMEs should address research of novel and highly advanced solutions and -where, if appropriate, actions preparing for their effective implementation such as education and training or metrology are included. The development of systems detecting illegal drugs can be addressed here. Technical textiles for construction, medical applications and protective clothing are excluded here. 3.4.5 Cross-priorities actions and links to other research actions Clear links exist also between this Priority and Priority 6 "Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems" in the domain of Hydrogen and fuel cells and a co-ordinated call is to be organised with a deadline in 2005. Actions to improve synergies between Member States (current and new) and Associated States research activities and EUREKA are also planned. 3.4.5.1 Basic materials and industrial process research on functional materials for fuel cells - STREP The objective is to develop highly efficient, low cost multi-functional materials, in particular nanostructured materials, and processes for reducing fuel cell stack and system costs, and improving specific performance and durability. Activities should involve fundamental materials research on proton and ion conducting electrolytes (polymer and ceramic), gas diffusion layers, non-noble catalysts, and related technologies, including in-situ characterisation and modelling to improve inter alia understanding of gas and water transport and degradation mechanisms. Research is also needed on high performance nano-structured materials, capable of being produced at large scale and low cost, for bi-polar plates and electrode sealing. The suitability for scaling up to mass manufacture, supported by necessary studies and value analysis, must be taken into account. The expected STREPs should focus on research at the frontiers of knowledge, aiming at radically new multifunctional materials for fuel cell electrode/electrolyte materials for "high temperature" (130-200ºC) PEMFC and "low temperature" (ca. 600ºC) SOFC applications. 3.4.5.2 Improved, energy efficient hydrogen storage systems especially for transport - STREP The objective is to develop radically new hydrogen storage media with the potential to meet vehicle on-board hydrogen storage requirements (of at least 6wt% for the complete system), operating at near ambient temperature and pressure, with high round trip, charge/discharge energy efficiency. Activities should involve fundamental materials research to develop new materials for hydrogen storage with high specific capacity and high energy efficiency for charge/discharge, including nanostructured porous materials, chemical hydrides. Materials development may be supported by theoretical modelling to improve understanding of heat and mass transfer in porous nano-structured materials to guide systems development. The expected STREPs should focus on leading edge research directed at highly innovative, nanostructured hydrogen storage materials. 3.4.5.3 Cooperation with Third Countries in the field of nanotechnology, advanced multi-functional materials and new ways of production research - SSA Expanding the frontiers of knowledge requires substantial effort in terms of e.g. creativity, scientific and technical talents, availability of high quality infrastructures, financial resources and understanding of possible implications. Valuable synergy can be achieved at international level. For this purpose, appropriate contacts should be established amongst European researchers and research teams from Third Countries. The expected SSA should consist of actions and initiatives to foster real and effective cooperation at the level of research teams with a view to creating international teams of excellence in the fields covered by Priority 3, stimulating the participation of Third Countries where real added value can be ensured. Co-operation with Third "INCO" Countries (Russia, New Independent States, Southwest Balkans, Mediterranean Countries, Developing Countries) is particularly encouraged and these countries are eligible for receiving European Community funding, according to the appropriate rules under the current Framework Programme. |
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